The human brain has evolved to give rise to many unique traits. Its function and development are regulated by complex genetic systems. However, psychiatric disease is also a facet of humanity that can arise during development from changes in the genome or epigenome in ways that may affect gene regulation and expression. Here, the PsychENCODE Consortium presents 11 research papers published in Science, Science Advances, and Science Translational Medicine organized around the themes of functional genomics in the developing and adult brain along with examinations of psychiatric disorders. Studies of over 2000 individual brains with bulk tissue analysis and at the single cell level provide a rich resource for studies of gene expression, epigenetics, and genomic regulation to better understand the neurogenetics underlying development, health, and disease.